Felidae Family

Felidae is the family of cats. A member of this family is also called a felid.

Living cats belong to the subfamilies:

Pantherinae – comprising the tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, snow leopard, clouded leopard and Sunda clouded leopard

Felinae – including all the non-pantherine cats
Cats are obligate carnivores; they must consume meat to survive. They are sometimes referred to as hypercarnivores because of the very large proportion of protein they require in their diet, much more than most other mammals. Of the 13 terrestrial families in the order Carnivora, they are the strictest carnivores.

The first cats emerged during the Oligocene, about 25 million years ago. In prehistoric times, there was a third subfamily, the Machairodontinae, which included the saber-toothed cats, such as the Smilodon. Other superficially cat-like mammals, such as the metatherians Thylacosmilus and Thylacoleo, or the Barbourofelidae and Nimravidae, are not included in Felidae despite superficial.

Cats are obligate carnivores, requiring a diet of meat and organs to survive. Aside from the lion, wild felids are generally solitary; feral domestic cats do, however, form colonies. Cheetah males are also known to live and hunt in groups. Felids are generally secretive animals, often nocturnal, and live in relatively inaccessible habitats. Around three-quarters of cat species live in forested terrain, and they are generally agile climbers. However, felids may be found in almost any environment, with some species being native to mountainous terrain or deserts.

Wild felids are native to every continent except Australasia and Antarctica.

Intenet Services & Types of website

Internet services

E-mail

• Unique name that consists of a user name and domain name that identifies the user
• Not real time 
• The transmission of messages and files via a computer network 

FTP

• Real time 
• Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet.
• Examples; FileZilla, AbleFtp and SmartFTP

WWW

• Not real time
• A worldwide collection of electronic documents (web pages)
• Some web pages are static (fixed); others are dynamic (changing)

Instant messaging

• Real time
• Real-time typed conversation with another connected user where you also can exchange photos, videos, and other content.

Message Board 

• Not real time
• An online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject.

VoIP

• Real time
• Conversation that takes place over the Internet using a telephone connected to a computer 

Types of website 

Portal 

•  A web site that offers variety of Internet services from single,  convenient location. 
•  Search engine, news, Web publishing 
•  Popular portals - Yahoo!, MSN, iGoogle

Business 

•  A web site contains content that promotes or sells products or services. 
•  LAZADA.com, Shopee

Blog

• A informal web site consisting of time -stamped articles or posts in a diary or journal format,  usually listed in reverse chronological order. 
• Twitter, Blogger 

Wiki

• A type of collaborative web site that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete the web site content via a browser. 
• Wikipedia 

Online Social Network 

• A specific type of online social network that enables members to share media such as photos, music and videos. 
• Facebook, Twitter, Instagram

ONLINE GAMES

Assalamualaikum, 

Today our lecturer let us to share anything that we want so, i would like to share about online games since nowdays online games are very popular and mostly played by teenagers in this generation. 

ONLINE GAMES 

An online game is a video game that is either partially or primarily played through the Internet or another computer network. Online games are ubiquitous on modern gaming platforms, including PCs, consoles and mobile devices, and span many genres, including first-person shooters, strategy games and massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG).

The design of online games can range from simple text-based environments to the incorporation of complex graphics and virtual worlds. The prominence of online components within a game can range from being minor features, such as an online leader board, to being part of core game-play, such as directly playing against other players. Many online games create their own online communities, while other games, especially social games, integrate the players' existing real-life communities.

Online game culture sometimes faces criticisms for an environment that might promote cyber-bullying violence, and xenophobia. Some gamers are also concerned about gaming addiction or social stigma. Online games have attracted players from a variety of ages, nationalities, and occupations. Online game content can also be studied in scientific field, especially gamers' interactions within virtual societies in relation to the behavior and social phenomena of everyday life.

History of online games

The history of online games dates back to the early days of packet-based computer networking in the 1970s, An early example of online games are MUD, including the first, MUD1, which was created in 1978 and originally confined to an internal network before becoming connected to ARPANet in 1980. Commercial games followed in the next decade, with Islands of Kesmai, the first commercial online role-playing game, debuting in 1984, as well as more graphical games, such as the MSX LINKS action games in 1986, the flight simulator Air Warrior in 1987, and the Famicom Modem's online Go game in 1987. The rapid availability of the Internet in the 1990s led to an expansion of online games, with notable titles including Nexus: The Kingdom of the Winds (1996), Quakeworld (1996), Ultima Online (1997), Lineage (1998), Starcraft (1998), Counter-Strike (1999) and EverQuest (1999). Video game consoles also began to receive online networking features, such as the Famicom Modem (1987), Sega Meganet (1990), Satellaview (1995), SegaNet (1996), PlayStation 2 (2000) and Xbox (2001). Following improvements in connection speeds, more recent developments include the popularization of new genres, such as social games, and new platforms, such as mobile games.

First-person shooter games (FPS)

During the 1990s, online games started to move from a wide variety of LAN protocols (such as IPX) and onto the Internet using the TCP/IP protocol. Doom popularized the concept of death-match, where multiple players battle each other head-to-head, as a new form of online game. Since Doom, many first-person shooter games contain online components to allow death-match or arena style play. And by popularity, first person shooter games are becoming more and more widespread around the world. The kind of games that are played at the more popular competitions are Counter-Strike, Halo, Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare, Quake Live and Unreal Tournament. Competitions have a range of winnings from money to hardware.

Real-time strategy game (RTS)

Early real-time strategy games often allowed multiplayer play over a modem or local network. As the Internet started to grow during the 1990s, software was developed that would allow players to tunnel the LAN protocols used by the games over the Internet. By the late 1990s, most RTS games had native Internet support, allowing players from all over the globe to play with each other. Popular RTS games with online communities have included Age of Empires, Sins of a Solar Empire, StarCraft and Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War.

Steps To Excel

Assalamualaikum and hopefully everyone in great today :)

Today, my topic on my blog is about "Steps to Excellence". Well, as a student, all of us want to make our parents proud of us :D 
Here, i will share some steps to be an excellence.

1. Have a Strong Desire for Excellence 

Passion is the first but most important step to reaching excellence. Without passion, everything is done with only half heart and it will give you only half results.

So unless you have a strong desire to achieve your goal, you will never be able to achieve excellence in it.

2. Make Firm Blueprints

Every long term goal you make has to be supported by a solid plan. You can‰’t just make a goal to win a gold medal at the Olympics and then stop. You have to follow through and break that large long-term goal into smaller manageable chunks. So an example of that could be to go the gym every single day. And then you break that down to work out for 3 hours. And then break that down even more and so on.

3. Believe in Yourself
Self-confidence is single-handedly one of the most important things you can have in your life. If you believe that you can do something that alone gives enough strength to complete the task.

So if you combine your desire for success with your self-confidence and belief in yourself, you will light such a fire that you will have an unlimited drive, which will greatly help you achieve excellence.

4. Learn from the Best ( Role Models)

Rather than doing everything on your own. Try to learn from the best of people who have already done everything that you are doing now. These people who have already achieved success have built-in themselves all the skills and habits required to be excellent and successful and you can learn a lot from them.

5. Work really Hard
Success comes to those who put the work in. So using your strong drive put everything you got into your goal. The more you feed your goal with energy and love the more fruit it will give you.

Also the more focused you stay the better; people tend to work really hard but towards the wrong things. So if your goal is to become a good student and this means you have to also do good in physical education, don‰’t waste all of your energy towards running and working out.

Distribute your energy evenly and focus on the areas which are more important.

6. Never Give Up
No matter what bumps you face on your journey to excellence. Never give up. Just like goals break down any big problems you face into smaller more manageable chunks and get out there and achieve your goal.

Excellence can be obtained if you:

…care more than others think is wise;

…risk more than others think is safe;

…dream more than others think is practical;

…expect more than others think is possible.

"There is no failure except in no longer trying."

7. Be adaptable.

Adaptability is one of the essential pillars of excellence. As you may already know, change is inevitable – You can either cower in the face of change, learn to deal with it or even turn it into your favor. Be ready for change at all times and develop a friendly relationship with change.

This also applies to changing your plans. Don’t be overly attached to your plans and be prepared to alter them where needed. If there are certain things you are doing which are not very effective, be prepared to improvise them or drop them totally.

8. Focus your efforts.

Once you have finished trying out every single thing that you can see, now focus your efforts in the areas which bring you the most results. I subscribe to the 80-20 principle, where 20% of causes lead to 80% of effects you see in a situation. Focus your energy in the few key drivers of success which will lead you to the results you want. This way, you will utilize your efforts more effectively, which can be subsequently channeled into more value-added activities.

9. Go all out; Work really hard.

With every success, comes hard work. Without hard work, you cannot achieve results. People who try to find the easy way out are kidding themselves if they think they can achieve excellence without putting in hard work. If you observe around you, the people who seek out ‘get-rich-quick’ methods are also the very people who don’t achieve much in their lives. Hard work is the universal quality that will pay off in the long-term. Once you invest the due time and effort, the results will start coming in.

10. Do not limit yourself.

Don’t be afraid to try every single thing that might take you to your goal. In fact, be more concerned about the potential opportunities you might be missing out on when you don’t try something. Opening yourself up to possibilities will enable you to pick up on things which might be fundamental to your success.

11. Build concrete strategy & plans.

Every goal needs a proper strategy and plan for it to come to life. Setting a goal and not following through with proper planning is like getting into your car to drive to your destination without knowing how to get there or even having a driving license. Many people fail in their goals because they fail to follow-through with planning. The bigger your goals, the more important that you invest proper time in building your plan. I have written a 7-part Goal Achievement series on what it takes to successfully achieve goals, which includes how to devise your winning strategy, create a robust plan, execute it and review.

12. Benchmark against the best.

What is it you are working on? Who are the people who are the best in this area? What are the results they have achieved? Set your targets to the same level as their best results, or even higher if you are feeling up to it.

At the moment, I’m setting up my school of personal excellence for anyone who has a passion for personal excellence. My long-term vision for this school is to be as big as the Xavier’s School in X-Men. ;) (In fact, I have the picture of Xavier’s School up on my vision board since last year!) While this vision may seem far-fetched to many, it’s a vision which I’m working towards and one which I have absolutely no doubt will come to life given time and effort.

Strive To Success

Strive To Success 

Hellooo my fellow friends,

So,today i will talk about strive to success ;))

What you guys thinking about strive to success ?

Maybe it's just about a successful person without any aim in their life?

Or... maybe it's about a person who dreaming to be a successful person without any struggle ?

What is SUCCESS ?

The world we live in is diverse and disparate in thousands of ways, yet I can say this with complete certainty that there is one thing which is predominantly common among us all: the urge to be successful. Every child, every woman, and every man in this world wants success irrespective of their age, profession, country, etc. We all want it and want it bad. But what success really is? Is it a feeling, like happiness; a state of being; is it a thing that can be owned; or an accomplishment? Well, it could be all that, and much more.

"The secret of success in life is for a man to be ready for his opportunity 

when it comes."-Benjamin Disraeli

Success could mean making someone you love,proud. It could mean doing something for the society you live in,securing your family's future, being able to travel around the world,etc. For some,money could be equivalent to success while others might find success in an accomplishment. Each individual walking on this planet has his/her own definition of success, which exactly how it should be. Nobody can understand what success means to you, better than you.

How to succeed in LIFE ?

1.Know your GOAL

Have a clear and specific goal. It could be a short-term or a long-term goal. Without a precise vision of your goal, how will you measure your progress and know when you have achieved success? Don't shy away from being unconventional and innovative. Your imagination is the only limit. Think big,but keep it realistic.

2.Plan and set you MILESTONES 

Once you know your goal,plan your next actions in a sequential manner. These actions would be your milestones and each one of them should be have a deadline. Be as firm as possible with yourself. There could be various ways of doing something, be open to them all and choose the one that's perfect for you. If you want to try something new,go ahead and try. But plan first!

3.Execute Your PLANS

Now you have your eyes fixed on that goal and you have the plan ready. What do you do next? Get going. All the plannings and strategies amount to nothing, if you don't execute them. So, get up and do whatever it takes to reach that goal. Follow your plan diligently and if you need to acquire new skills, there are tons of ways to do that. Seek help if needed. Just do the work.

4.Be flexible

The plan you made before are the checkpoints to help you to stay on the right path and keep you focused on your goal. However, as you start making progress , you might see scope for improvements and also unforeseen challenges. Be flexible enough to amend your plan so that these challenges are taken care of you end up with a far better than your plan the one you set up with. 

Overview Of The Internet

Network?

Hey ! Welcome again to my blog :))

So,today i would like to talk about network.

Since i was study about network in my second semester so i would like to share something that i know about network.

Let's start !

NETWORK  is a collection of computers and devices connected together via transmission media and communication devices .

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

Design of computers, devices and media in a network . 

Client/Server

A client/server network is a network in which the shared files and applications are stored in the server but network users (clients) can still store files on their individual PCs. A server is a computer that shares information and resources with other computers on a network. A client is a computer which requests services or files from a server computer.

 

http://www.dailywebsolutions.com/what-is-client-server-architecture

Peer-to-Peer

Peer-to-peer network is a network with all the nodes acting as both servers and clients. A PC can access files located on another PC and can also provide files to other PCs. With peer-to-peer network, no server is needed; each computer in the network is called a peer. All computers in the peer-to-peer network has equal responsibilities and capabilities to use the resources available on the network.

http://www.conniq.com/Networking_Architecture.htm

                                                  NETWORK TOPOLOGY

A network topology refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a communications network.

3 types of network topology :-

Ring topology 

A network topology that is set up in a circular fashion in which data travels around the ring in one direction and each device on the ring acts as a repeater to keep the signal strong as it travels. Each device incorporates a receiver for the incoming signal and a transmitter to send the data on to the next device in the ring. The network is dependent on the ability of the signal to travel around the ring. When a device sends data, it must travel through each device on the ring until it reaches its destination. Every node is a critical link.In a ring topology, there is no server computer present; all nodes work as a server and repeat the signal. The disadvantage of this topology is that if one node stops working, the entire network is affected or stops working.

http://www.slideshare.net/siddiqueibrahim37/network-topologyppt

Star topology

In local area networks with a star topology, each network host is connected to a central hub with a point-to-point connection. In Star topology every node (computer workstation or any other peripheral) is connected to a central node called hub or switch. The switch is the server and the peripherals are the clients. The network does not necessarily have to resemble a star to be classified as a star network, but all of the nodes on the network must be connected to one central device. All traffic that traverses the network passes through the central hub. The hub acts as a signal repeater. The star topology is considered the easiest topology to design and implement. An advantage of the star topology is the simplicity of adding additional nodes. The primary disadvantage of the star topology is that the hub represents a single point of failure.

http://webpage.pace.edu/ms16182p/networking/star.html

Bus topology 

In local area networks where bus topology is used, each node is connected to a single cable. Each computer or server is connected to the single bus cable. A signal from the source travels in both directions to all machines connected on the bus cable until it finds the intended recipient. If the machine address does not match the intended address for the data, the machine ignores the data. Alternatively, if the data matches the machine address, the data is accepted. Because the bus topology consists of only one wire, it is rather inexpensive to implement when compared to other topologies. However, the low cost of implementing the technology is offset by the high cost of managing the network. Additionally, because only one cable is utilized, it can be the single point of failure.

http://gniitstudents.blogspot.my/2015/08/what-is-network-topology.html